Diuretics help the body to lose excess amount of water. The thiazide drug class was discovered and developed at merck and co. If you have been prescribed a diuretic, it is probably for good reason, but you should be aware of the side effects this type of medication can cause. See use of thiazide diuretics in patients with primary essential hypertension and mechanism of action of diuretics. If he or she prescribes a special diet, such as a lowsodium diet with plenty of potassiumrich fruits and vegetables or, in some cases, a potassium pill. In the present study, all subjects in the test group were using diuretics from a minimum of 2 weeks to 3 months continuously. Three negative side effects of diuretics contact care. Although this helps the heart to function better as it has lesser volume of blood to pump, there are certain side effects that an individual taking them may experience. Thiazide diuretics can lower potassium and magnesium blood levels since they are both eliminated in urine. Diuretics also called water pills are drugs that increase urine production in the kidneys, promoting the removal of salt and fluid from the body. Stanton phd, in renal physiology fifth edition, 20. You can minimize side effects of furosemide lasix, a powerful diuretic that reduces fluid retention edema in people with heart failure, by following your doctors instructions carefully. Electrolyte imbalance the adverse effects of diuretic therapy are mainly due to the fluid and electrolyte imbalance induced by the drugs.
Other side effects include gout, which results from raised uric. Diuretics are water pills and are mainly used for improper blood pressure patients. Pdf thiazide diuretics in the treatment of hypertension. Combination of loop diuretics with thiazidetype diuretics. They are often used to treat hypertension, or high blood pressure. Combination diuretic therapy using any of several thiazidetype diuretics can more than double daily urine sodium excretion to induce weight.
Diuretics cause to increase urination and loss of minerals, as a result of which dehydration and loss of sodium from the body is common. The mechanism appears to be the promotion of proximal tubular na reabsorption due to extracellular. The sodium takes with it water from your blood, decreasing the amount of fluid flowing through your veins and arteries. Diuretics, sometimes called water pills, help rid your body of salt sodium and water. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
In canada call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. As the body tries to adjust to the medication, the initial side effects of thiazide diuretics may reflect as loss of appetite, itching, blurred vision, headache, stomach upset and weakness. A loss of potassium and magnesium, which may cause an irregular heartbeat, muscle cramping, and unusual tiredness. Although it is a medication that helps with the discomfort from swelling and bloating, its not without side effects of its own. Different classes of diuretics have different side effect profiles. Diuretics, also commonly called water pills, are medications that help increase the amount of water and salt thats lost from the body. Hyperuricemia is another common side effect of diuretic treatment. The types of side effects caused by a diuretic depends on the drugs mechanism of action. Your potassium, glucose, and cholesterol levels may fluctuate depending on the type of diuretic youre taking.
Loop diuretics act on the loop of henle in the kidney and prevent reab sorption of water and salt. Thiazide diuretics have many therapeutic uses that are summarized below. You may want to take diuretics early in the morning andor afternoon. Thiazide diuretics can increase the risk of lithium eskalith, lithobid toxicity by reducing the kidneys ability to. Annual seda is a series of volumes which supplements meylers side effects of drugs. The most common side effect associated with diuretics is an increased elimination of potassium, resulting in a dangerously low level of potassium in the body. Choose from 500 different sets of diuretics flashcards on quizlet. It helps get rid of the extra congestion throughout the body. Thiazide diuretics must be used at appropriate andor optimal doses to achieve the optimal antihypertensive effect with the smallest occurrence of side effects, including alterations in glucose. Know the function of diuretics, its functions, uses, types, side effects, contraindications and effects on body.
In the us call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Osmotic diuretics, as the name implies, are agents that inhibit the reabsorption of solute and water by altering osmotic driving forces along the nephron. These pills prevent water retention in the body and help to get rid of them through urination. Diuretics lower the blood pressure, at least initially, by inducing sodium and fluid loss. The main function of diuretics is to increase the output of urine, thereby helping to manage high blood pressure. Peripheral neuropathy has been associated with hydralazine. Some individuals even feel dizzy and lightheaded during the first few days. Nervous system side effects commonly associated with reserpine have included sedation, lethargy different from the psychiatric syndrome of depression, drowsiness, weakness, vertigo, insomnia, or headache in approximately 1% to 5% of patients. Diuretics can cause extreme weight loss, lightheadedness, or increased blood pressure. Some diuretics are sulfa drugs, so they could cause a reaction if youre allergic. Osmotic diuretics side effects things you didnt know. Diuretics, also known as water pills, belong to a class of medications that remove excess salt and water from the body.
But potassiumsparing diuretics can cause low levels of calcium, which could hurt bone development. The international encyclopedia of adverse drug reactions and interactions. Learn about the three types of diuretics available, what. Each type works in a distinct way and in different parts of the kidney. What are the less common side effects of thiazide diuretics decrease sexual ability, diarrhea, photo sensitivity, loss of appetite, upset stomach if patient postural hypotension is low what are side effects may the patient experience. Where indicated, the mechanistic basis and treatment of such side effects is further discussed. Other side effects include gout, which results from raised uric acid levels hyperuricaemia table 2, fig. Diureticrelated side effects can be separated into several categories, including those with well workedout mechanisms such as.
The first approved drug of this class, chlorothiazide, was marketed under the trade name diuril beginning in 1958. Diuretics arent recommended for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Diuretics are often prescribed to those that have extra fluid retention. With the exception of potassiumsparing versions, all diuretics may cause a loss of potassium, which, if left untreated, increases the risk for heart rhythm. Effect of diuretics on salivary flow, composition and oral.
What are diuretics, know its functions, uses, types, side. Whether these side effects occur and are clinically significant in nonhypertensive patients with recurrent kidney stones treated with thiazides is unclear. Most of them help your kidneys release more sodium into your urine. Unlike the other classes of diuretics, osmotic diuretics do not inhibit a specific membrane transport protein. Several classes of diuretics exist, including thiazide diuretics hctz, metolazone, chlorthalidone, loop diuretics furosemide and bumetanide, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors acetazolamide, osmotic diuretics mannitol, and potassium sparing diuretics spironolactone, amiloride, and triamterene. The role of these drugs in the treatment of primary hypertension is discussed elsewhere. A diuretic is any substance that promotes the production of urine. Diuretics are routinely used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Side effects of thiazide diuretics are dose related and include.
Thiazides are historically one of the most commonly used antihypertensive drugs because they are inexpensive, are widely available, can be convenient to take and do not have severe side effects they reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure on a long term basis, particularly in mild. As a side effect of their chronic use, excess amounts of electrolytes can be lost in the urine leading to low levels of potassium, sodium, potassium. All diuretics increase the excretion of water from bodies, although each class does so in a distinct way. A potential side effect of this activity is that they may cause electrolyte imbalances. Decreased uric acid secretion secondary to thia zide use was also suggested. Osmotic diuretics an overview sciencedirect topics. Diuretics, particularly thiazidetype and thiazidelike diuretics, are commonly used in the treatment of hypertension. Diuretics ted rogers heart failure patient education. Diuretics 3 side effects loop diuretics act on the loop of henle in the kidney and prevent reabsorption of water and salt. Supplemental potassium and magnesium may be required if these levels are too low.
Doctors give trusted answers on uses, effects, sideeffects, and cautions. Reducing the amount of fluid in the blood vessels results in reduction in blood pressure. Low levels of potassium and magnesium in the blood can result in abnormal heart rhythms, particularly in those who are also taking digoxin in addition to a thiazide. Your doctor may run blood tests to measure your levels throughout treatment. Abusing diuretics as a weightcontrol method is not only risky but ineffective, since water weight will reaccumulate when you stop taking the pills. Although thiazidetype diuretics are among the besttolerated antihypertensive agents in terms of symptomatic adverse effects, diureticrelated adverse side effects include those with. Older people tend to have more side effects such as fainting and dizziness from dehydration. Side effect of thiazide diuretics answers on healthtap. Water pills, medically known as diuretics, have many legitimate uses, but can cause dehydration and irregular heartbeats if you take them in excess. Medication induced xerostomia is an important aspect since it can be indicative of systemic disease and can have negative effects on the oral cavity and the quality of life. Hypotension is also cause because of low plasma volume. Alternatively, an antidiuretic, such as vasopressin antidiuretic hormone, is an agent or drug. Diuretics help the body to get rid of excess fluid and to prevent fluid from building up. Diuretics have been recommended as firstline treatment of hypertension and are also valuable in the management of hypervolemia and electrolyte disorders.
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